The study suggested that individuals do not show any significant tendency to avoid or mingle with one another, and thus only passively defend their ranges. [73] Many of the released lynx dispersed into surrounding states (Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Massachusetts, New Hampshire) and Canadian provinces (Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick). Langue Français Crédit photo : Biodôme de Montréal (Claude Lafond) Onglets. Although mainly nocturnal, Canadian lynxes are sometimes active during the day. Chasser le lapin demande une stratégie particulière pour ce lynx. Forêt boréale. Le lynx du Canada est originaire d'Amérique du Nord. Females can be induced ovulators when the availability of mates is low, or spontaneous ovulators when several mates are available. Le sud-est de la Colombie-Britannique est entrecoupé de crêtes rocheuses, de vallées et d'installations humaines. Le Lynx du Canada et le Lynx boréal sont en fait issus du même ancêtre commun asiatique [35]. The Canada lynx was first described by Robert Kerr in 1792. WB Saunders, Philadephia ↑ Udvardy, M. F. (1959). En 1912, le zoologiste américain Gerrit Miller l'a placé dans le genre Lynx , en utilisant le nom L. canadensis . [10] For instance, a 1975 study of the differences (in factors such as coat colour, cranial measurements and weights) between the mainland and Newfoundland forms showed that, apart from a few variations (e.g. Average illegal trade in fur and live animals appears to be negligible on the national scale. [42][43] However, Canada lynxes are known to disperse over large distances, often thousands of kilometres, which might increase genetic variability in widely separated populations. The Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), or Canadian lynx, is a North American felid that ranges in forest and tundra regions across Canada and into Alaska, as well as some parts of the northern United States. [37] A study in Alaska found that lynxes played a role in the decrease in populations of red fox, caribou and Dall's sheep when hares were very low in number. [15], Factors such as the availability of prey (primarily snowshoe hare), the density of the lynxes and the topography of the habitat determine the shape and size of the home range. Native to North America, the Canadian lynx inhabits a range from the Arctic treeline, southwards through a good part of Alaska and Canada, as well as the north of the adjoining United States. [1] On March 24, 2000, the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) issued its Final Rule, which designated the Canada lynx a Threatened Species in 14 contiguous states. L'extrémité de sa courte queue est noire. While it was unclear which lynxes were preferred in North America, bobcat and Canada lynx furs appeared to be in greater demand than those of other lynxes in Asian and European markets. [44] They typically move within areas where prey availability and the features of the snow (such as the hardness and the extent to which their paws sink into the snow) are more or less similar; individuals may disperse over smaller areas in areas of soft snow. It typically occurs in dense boreal forests, though it is sometimes found in rocky areas and open forests. The lynx can feel where it is biting the prey with its canines because they are heavily laced with nerves. Females and their young sometimes hunt together when they spread out in a line and move through relatively open areas. It also has four carnassial teeth that cut the meat into small pieces. With big eyes and superior hearing, Canada lynx are excellent night hunters. "Some observations on the natural history and behaviour of the Canada Lynx, "Identification of a novel gammaherpesvirus in Canada lynx (, "Plague as a mortality factor in Canada lynx (, "Small weasel-like animals are taking down big cats", "Wildlife officials say the Canada Lynx doesn't need endangered listing, conservationists disagree", "Colorado Parks & Wildlife: Lynx Population Is Stable In San Juans", https://www.adirondackexplorer.org/stories/lynx-unlikely-to-return, "That 'British big cat' called England's Loch Ness Monster? Its legend was fuelled by Canadian lynx, study says", "British big cat theory gets bump from lynx link", Analysis of the CITES-reported illegal trade in, 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[504:CLLCLR]2.0.CO;2, "Hybridization between Canada lynx and bobcats: genetic results and management implications", "Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of threatened status for the contiguous U.S. distinct population segment of the Canada lynx and related rule", Success of the Colorado Division of Wildlife's lynx reintroduction program, Species status assessment for the Canada lynx (, "US says snow-loving lynx no longer need special protection". [18] Canada lynx fossils excavated in North America date back to the Sangamonian and the Wisconsin Glacial Episode. Kittens leave the den after about five weeks and begin hunting at between seven and nine months of age. The reason behind this is unclear—it could be due to a greater abundance of alternate prey, or reduced success in hunting hares. After a gestation of two to three months, a litter of one to eight kittens is born. The lynx continues to occur in most of Alaska and its former range in Canada. Subsequently, the numbers have increased to 15,387 during 2000–2006. Habitat. [1] By 2010, after an 11-year effort, the lynx had been successfully reintroduced into Colorado. [37] Sometimes a chase of around ten bounds may be necessary to trap the prey. [49][79] Even without regulation, the lynx-hare cycles and the distribution of the lynx have remained unaffected over the last century. The Canada lynx tends to be less selective in summer and autumn, adding small mammals as a minor component of their diet besides the hare. [15][16] The populations of the Eurasian lynx that reached North America 2.6 mya are believed to have initially settled in the southern half of the continent, as the northern part was covered by glaciers. The initial introduction was in the San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado, but self-sustaining populations were established throughout the south-central Colorado Rockies as far north as Summit County. et à Terre‑Neuve, ainsi que dans les zones boisées du nord du Nouveau‑Brunswick. Many scientists think that thousands of years ago the Canadian lynx migrated to North America from Asia, probably crossing the land bridge between the two continents at that time. [38] However, a few other studies have reported different responses from Canada lynxes at times of prey scarcity; some lynxes do not show any changes in their ranges, while others may resort to hunting in small areas, occupying small home ranges. They live mostly in temperate regions, and are infrequently found towards the polar or tropical zones. ↑ a b et c Comité sur la situation des espèces en péril au Canada (COSEPAC), « Lynx du Canada Lynx canadensis », 2009 (consulté le 4 février 2010) ↑ Odum EP (1953) Fundamentals of ecology. The Canada lynx and the bobcat live in North America. Canadian lynxes appear to be territorial and live solitary lives. The animal remained unidentified at the time and was preserved by Bristol Museum and Art Gallery and was finally identified in a 2014 study. Canada lynxes have been recorded up to an elevation of 4,310 m (14,140 ft). Males are slightly bigger than females and there is not much geographic variation in size. In the past, the lynx occurred from the northern United States (in 24 states), possibly up to the Rocky Mountains in New Mexico, to the tree line in the Arctic through coniferous forests in Alaska and Canada. [13], According to a 2006 phylogenetic study, the ancestor of five extant felid lineages—Lynx, Leopardus, Puma, Felis and Prionailurus plus Otocolobus—arrived in North America after crossing the Bering Strait 8.5 to 8 million years ago (mya). The lynx lives in the northern parts of the United States and Canada, with much of its time spent in low temperatures. The Canada lynx is sexually dimorphic, with males larger and heavier than females. Approximately 39,000 square miles of critical habitat were designated in five units in the states of Maine, Minnesota, Montana, Idaho, Washington, and Wyoming. Il a reconquis depuis peu le nord des États du Wisconsin et du Minnesota aux États-Unis. This leads to a prey-predator cycle, as Canada lynxes respond to the cyclic rises and falls in snowshoe hare populations over the years in Alaska and central Canada. Il mange également des souris, des écureuils et des oiseaux tels que le tétras. Not only does its coat provide insulation, but it also helps to camouflage it as it hunts prey. For other species of lynx, see, The Canada lynx has long hair on the lower cheek and ear tufts, characteristic of all, Its hindlimbs are longer than its forelimbs, causing it to slope downward toward the front, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T12518A101138963.en, "Report on the birds and mammals collected by the McIlhenny Expedition to Pt. There are large spaces between the four canines and the rest of the teeth, and the second upper premolars are absent, to ensure the bite goes as deeply as possible into the prey. A 1985 study showed that the mean size of home ranges trebled—from 13.2 to 39.2 km2 (5.1 to 15.1 sq mi)—when the density of hares fell from 14.7 to 1/ha (5.95 to 0.40/acre). The average slope for lynx habitat was La chasse au Lynx roux et au Lynx du Canada est réglementée au Canada, aux États-Unis et au Mexique, mais la législation peut varier selon les États Repos La seule constante à son habitat est le peuplement forestier. When hares are scarce lynxes tend to move to areas with more hares and tend not to produce litters, and as the numbers of the hare increase, so do the populations of the lynx. The lynx's stride is 30–46 cm (12–18 in), while the bobcat's varies between 13 and 41 cm (5 and 16 in). Ce félin a une touffe de longs poils noirs au bout des oreilles. [6][17] In his 1981 paper, Swedish paleontologist Lars Werdelin noted that the Canada lynx does not appear to have changed much since its first appearance. canadensis. In dirt the tracks of the lynx are 7.6–9.5 cm (3–3.75 in) long and 8.9–11.4 cm (3.5–4.5 in) wide, whereas in snow they are bigger (11 cm (4.5 in) long and 13 cm (5 in) wide). Smaller than a cougar but bigger than a bobcat, Canada lynx have silvery fur and black ear tufts. [15] The lynx can cover 8–9 km (5.0–5.6 mi) daily, moving at 0.75–1.46 km/h (0.47–0.91 mph), to procure prey. En effet, il avait disparu de ce pays … The southern populations gradually evolved into the modern bobcat. Lynx facts. [31], The Canada lynx tends to be nocturnal like its primary prey, the snowshoe hare. Taxonomie . [6] The dental formula is 3.1.2.13.1.2.1. Canadian lynxes keep strictly to a carnivorous diet, snowshoe hares being their primary prey. Intraspecific aggression and consequent cannibalism are rare, but may be more common when food is scarce. [1], However, populations are relatively lower in the southern half of the range and are protected from the fur trade. An example of a prey-predator cycle, the cyclic variations in snowshoe hare populations significantly affect the numbers of their predators—lynxes and coyotes—in the region. The researchers concluded it had probably been captive for some time, perhaps as an exotic pet or part of a travelling menagerie, but may have survived for a substantial period after escaping. It is characterized by its long, dense fur, triangular ears with black tufts at the tips, and broad, snowshoe-like paws. The lack of appreciable subspecific distinctions led the researchers to doubt the validity of the Newfoundland lynx as a separate subspecies. Lynx diverged from the Puma, Felis and Prionailurus plus Otocolobus lineages around 2.53–4.74 mya. [68], Fishers are known to hunt Canada lynxes occasionally in the northeastern United States; a study in northern Maine identified predation by fishers as the leading cause of Canada lynx mortality over twelve years, though it did not appear to affect population growth in the lynxes. On retrouve le lynx roux en Amérique du nord depuis le sud du Canada jusqu’au centre du Mexique. Le pelage de ce lynx est gris argenté en hiver et brun en été. The Eurasian lynx and Iberian lynx are their Eurasian counterparts. Females are sexually mature at 21 months, males at 33 months. After the attempt, Canada lynx were officially considered extirpated in New York State, but are still fully protected under state law. This cat is not a fast runner and does not chase its prey but ambushes it instead. In his 1792 work The Animal Kingdom, Scottish scientific writer Robert Kerr described a lynx from Canada, giving it the name Felis lynx canadensis.
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